Diagnose high blood pressure

Written By The HealthMeth Team - Updated On Wednesday, February 17, 2021 4:00 PM

Hypertension

According to the summary guide issued by the American Heart Organization on the eleventh of 2017, hypertension can be defined as a state of health in which the systolic blood pressure reading exceeds 130 millimeters of mercury, or in which the diastolic blood pressure reading exceeds 80 Milliliters of mercury, and here it should be noted that high blood pressure is a common and widespread disease, as at least 85 million people in the United States suffer from high blood pressure, and blood pressure measures the amount of force that the blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels, and this The pressure depends on the amount of effort exerted by the heart in addition to the amount of resistance in the walls of blood vessels to the blood pressure on their walls, [1]And when the effect of high pressure on the walls of the arteries persists for a long time, it can cause severe complications such as heart disease and other health problems. [2]


Diagnose high blood pressure

There are several procedures that the doctor performs to diagnose high blood pressure in the patient and determine its type, before the appropriate treatment is dispensed, and among these diagnostic procedures we mention: [3]

  • The doctor records two or three blood pressure readings at every visit to the doctor, on three separate visits or more, as the blood pressure changes during the day, and it may change between each visit to the doctor.
  • The doctor makes sure that the size of the sleeve that is wrapped around the arm in the pressure device is proportional to the size of the patient's arm, and the doctor measures the pressure in both arms, to see if there is a difference in the measurement between them.
  • The doctor asks the patient to record pressure readings at home and at work, and he may recommend the use of an Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor. It is a device that monitors blood pressure at equal and regular intervals within 24 hours, and this method gives an accurate picture of blood pressure changes during the day, but one of the determinants of using this method is the lack of this device in many medical centers.
  • The doctor reviews the medical history, performs a physical examination of the patient in the event of high blood pressure readings, and performs the usual tests, such as a urine test, and some blood tests such as a cholesterol test , and an electrocardiography-ECG . Additional tests such as; Echocardiogram.


Stages of blood pressure

The blood pressure reading, represented in millimeters of mercury, consists of two numbers that represent the numerator and denominator for each reading, so that the numerator represents the pressure on the walls of blood vessels when the heart contracts and pulse and is called systolic blood pressure, while the denominator represents the pressure in the arteries during the rest period between each heartbeat and the other, and it is called blood pressure diastolic , [3] it is worth mentioning that the blood pressure readings have been categorized based on the American heart Organization into four sections, the following statement that: [4]

  • Normal blood pressure: This is when the systolic blood pressure reading is less than 120 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure reading is less than 80 mm Hg.
  • Pre-hypertension: This is when the systolic blood pressure reading ranges between 120-129 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure reading is less than 80 mm Hg, and in this case the possibility of a person suffering from hypertension is great if the pressure is not controlled.
  • The first stage of hypertension: In this stage , the systolic blood pressure reading ranges between 130-139 mm Hg, or if the diastolic blood pressure ranges between 80-89 mm Hg.
  • Stage II hypertension: At this stage, the systolic blood pressure readings reach 140 mm Hg or more, or the diastolic blood pressure readings reach 90 mm Hg or more.
  • Hypertension attack: At this stage, the systolic blood pressure reading rises to 180 mm Hg or more, or the diastolic blood pressure reading rises to 120 mm Hg or more, which is a medical emergency that requires transferring the patient to the emergency room.


Causes of high blood pressure

Classified as high blood pressure , depending on the possibility of identifying a clear cause of the infection into two main types, the following statement that: [1]

  • Hyper initial blood pressure: is high blood pressure in the event of an initial inability to identify a clear cause of injury, as is the case when most of the pressure patients.
  • High blood pressure secondary: is high blood pressure secondary in the event of the ability to determine the cause and clear infection, as if the hypertension one complication pressure resulting from a further problem satisfactorily, and the mention of these health problems that cause high blood pressure Secondary include:
    • Pheochromocytoma ; It is a cancer of the adrenal gland.
    • Cushing's Syndrome.
    • Hyperplasia adrenal congenital .
    • Overactive thyroid gland .
    • Hyper parathyroid gland .
    • Pregnancy.
    • Sleep apnea.
    • Obesity .
    • Chronic kidney diseases .


Treating high blood pressure

There is a group of drugs that are used in the treatment of high blood pressure , including: [3]

  • Thiazide, which acts as a diuretic.
  • Beta blockers.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
  • Calcium channel blockers.
  • Renin inhibitors.
  • Alpha-blockers or alpha-blockers.
  • Vasodilators.
  • Aldosterone antagonists.


References

  1. ^ A b , Markus MacGill (11-12-2017), "Everything You Need To Know About Hypertension" , www.medicalnewstoday.com The , Retrieved 12-4-2018. Edited.
  2. "High blood pressure (hypertension)" , www.mayoclinic.org , 2-2-2018, Retrieved 12-4-2018. Edited.
  3. ^ A b v "High by blood Pressure (Hypertension)" , Www.mayoclinic.org , 2-2-2018, Retrieved 12-4-2018. Edited.
  4. "Understanding Blood Pressure Readings" , http://www.heart.org , 1-11-2017, Retrieved 12-4-2018. Edited.