Parotid gland vaccination

Parotid gland vaccination

Mumps, also known as Mumps, is a viral infection that affects the parotid or salivary glands located under the ear. It is caused by the Rubulavirus mumps virus, and it causes mild symptoms , the most prominent of which are swelling of the salivary glands, in addition to mild fever and problems. Respiratory system, ^[1] The best way to prevent it is to receive the mumps vaccine, which is called the triple-viral (MMR) vaccine, which is a combination vaccine that contains a safe and effective form of measles vaccine, mumps vaccine and rubella vaccine, ^[2] to provide immunity against diseases The three: measles, mumps and rubella, ^[3]It consists of a mixture of live viruses for the three diseases mentioned, but after weakening them, as viruses cause harmless infections in a person after being injected with the vaccine, which is capable of generating immunity against these diseases. ^[4]

The importance of the parotid gland vaccine

Mumps is a very contagious disease, as it spreads easily from one person to another, especially in places of close contact between people, such as schools, universities and camps, and it may lead to serious complications in the affected person, such as hearing loss, and as we mentioned earlier, taking the parotid gland vaccine is the best way To prevent mumps, so the widespread spread of the vaccine will lead to a decrease in infection rates in the community. ^[5] In the past, the mumps vaccination program was started in 1967 AD, as it was a common childhood disease worldwide, and children aged 5 to 5 9 years, they are the most affected by the disease, and the discovery of the vaccine led to a decrease in mumps cases by more than 99% in the United States. ^{[3] [6]}

When the parotid gland vaccine is given

Usually, two doses of the MMR vaccine are given in childhood, when the child should receive the first dose when he is between 12-15 months old, and the second dose between 4-6 years old, ^[7] but it is possible for the child to receive the second dose in Early on, provided that the time interval between it and the first dose is not less than 28 days. ^[4] The times for administering the triple virus vaccine within the national vaccination programs covered by the Ministry of Health in some Arab countries: ^{[8] [9]}

• In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the vaccine is given to children at the age of 12 months and 18 months and upon entering the first grade of primary school.
• In the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan it is given at the ages of 12 months and 18 months.

Adults who should receive a parotid gland vaccine

In addition to the inclusion of the parotid gland vaccine in childhood vaccination programs, there are adults who must receive the Triple Virus vaccine, and the most important of these are the following: ^{[4] [5]}

• Those who are 18 years of age or older and were born after 1956AD and did not have mumps or did not receive the vaccine in their childhood, so these people should take at least one dose of the vaccine.
• Those who are at high risk of contracting mumps or measles from the surrounding environment, they must receive two doses of the vaccine separated by a period of time not less than 28 days, and among these groups the following:
  • Students in various educational institutions after high school.
  • Individuals who work in the field of health care in various hospitals and health centers.
  • Individuals who travel to countries of the world.
  • People who public health authorities determine are at high risk of infection during an outbreak.
  • Non-pregnant women of childbearing age, after consulting a doctor and assessing the need for this.

The effectiveness of the mumps vaccine

The triple vaccine is considered very effective in protecting people from contracting measles, mumps and rubella diseases, and preventing complications caused by these diseases, as one dose of the vaccine is 78% effective in preventing mumps, and taking two doses of the vaccine is 88% effective in Prevention, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and people who received the two doses of the vaccine as a child usually acquire life-long immunity against mumps and do not need a booster dose. ^[4]

Side effects of the mumps vaccine

The triple-viral vaccine is very safe, even if the cause of some side effects, but receiving the vaccine is safer than infection with mumps disease, and in the event that these symptoms appear, they are usually mild, and may include the appearance of a rash, mild fever, or joint pain for a short period of time In some children, after receiving the vaccine, a fever may result in seizures, but this is rare and does not have long-term consequences. The association between the Triple Virus Vaccine and the incidence of autism, ^[2] It is worth noting that the vaccine is considered safe for breastfeeding women. ^[7]

People who should avoid taking the mumps vaccine

There are some groups that it is not valid to administer the Triple Virus vaccine, and we mention of them: ^[7]

• People who have had a severe allergic reaction after receiving the first dose of the vaccine.
• People who are allergic to the antibiotic Neomycin or Gelatin.
• Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next four weeks.
• People who suffer from a weakened immune system as a result of taking cancer treatments or corticosteroids , or because they have acquired immunodeficiency virus or AIDS (AIDS).

References

1. ↑ "Mumps" , www.historyofvaccines.org , 2018-1-25, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
2. ^ ^{A b} "Mumps" , Www.mayoclinic.org , 2020-10-6, 2020-11-6 Retrieved. Edited.
3. ^ ^{A b} "Mumps Vaccination" , Www.cdc.gov , 2019-3-28, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
4. ^ ^{A b T w} "Measles, Mumps, Rubella , And ( the MMR) Vaccination: What 'the Everyone Should Know View " , Www.cdc.gov , 2019-3-28, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
5. ^ ^{A b} "Mumps" , Www.vaccines.gov , 2020-5-1, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
6. ↑ "Mumps Vaccines" , www.who.int , 2011-11-14, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
7. ^ ^{A b t} the Dan Brennan (2020-6-2), "Measles, Mumps, Rubella , And ( the MMR) Vaccine" , the www.webmd.com , Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
8. ↑ “The schedule of basic vaccinations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia” , old.sfda.gov.sa , 2016-3-14, Retrieved 2020-11-6. Edited.
9. ↑ Wael Hayajneh, Ali Mheidat, Nabil Sabri, et al. (2017-1-1), MOH Vac. Manual , www.moh.gov.jo , Retrieved 2020-11-6.