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Stomach reduction surgery
Surgical intervention is used in many cases of obesity, with the aim of losing weight and reducing the risk of medical problems associated with obesity , and in fact the stomach reduction process contributes to reducing weight in two ways; Either restriction , or malabsorption , and the restriction is to limit the quantities of food that the stomach can contain; This in itself contributes to reducing the number of calories a person can eat, while malabsorption is represented by the shortening or bypassing part of the small intestine. This contributes to reducing the amount of calories and nutrients that the body absorbs. [1]
Types of weight reduction operations
There are many surgical procedures that are resorted to in order to reduce weight , and the following is an indication of each type. [1]
Gastric bypass surgery
Gastric bypass surgery depends in principle on reducing the size of the stomach, and this in itself makes the person unable to eat the usual amounts of food, as the surgeon performs a redirect or bypass of a part of the digestive system , in order to limit the absorption of large quantities From food, and in fact there are two types of surgery that fall under the name gastric bypass surgery, namely: [2]
- Gastric bypass in the form of a letter (Y): , this type is considered the most common, as it is performed through a small incision, where the doctor staples part of the stomach together or by vertical ligation, with the aim of Forming a small stomach pouch , and then connecting a Y-shaped section of the small intestine with this follicle, and this in itself constitutes a food bypass, so that it enables it to skip part of the digestive system, and as a result this reduces the absorption of calories and nutrients, and in fact the person recovers after This operation is performed more quickly compared to other complex surgeries.
- Approved infectious wide: , also known to convert the pancreas path and bile ducts , and the advantage of this surgery is more complex being compared to the previous type, in fact , not being this type of surgery in abundance, due to the possibility of a number of It is a major complication, and it may cause a shortage of nutrients, and it is mentioned that it depends in its principle on removing the lower part of the stomach, and then connecting the small remaining follicle directly with the last part of the small intestine , bypassing that of the first and second parts of the small intestine completely.
Gastric banding
Gastric banding surgery is based on the use of an inflatable silicone device, so that it is surgically implanted around the upper part of the stomach to help the person reduce his weight, and when the band is placed around the upper part of the stomach, a small pouch is formed in it, and he is unable It contains large quantities of food, so that it accommodates only small quantities, and the narrow opening formed between the stomach pouch and the rest of its parts controls the speed of the passage of food from the pouch to the lower part of the stomach, and this surgery contributes to limiting the amount of food that a person can eat at one time In addition to increasing the time it takes to digest food . [3]
It should be noted that it is possible to control the size of the narrow opening after implanting the device, by blowing or deflating the air of the hollow ligament, depending on the patient’s desire, as inflating the hollow ligament causes the size of the narrow opening to narrow; This slows the speed of the food passage, while deflating it from the air allows the food to pass through faster. [3]
Gastric sleeve surgery
A process that takes muzzle stomach when conducting a period of time of about an hour, and the consequent stay in the hospital for two days, and relies on its principle to remove 80% of the size of the stomach, leaving behind a thin tube to accommodate the amount of liquid ranges Between 50-100 milliliters, and it should be noted that the gastrointestinal tract located under the stomach remains intact after this surgery, and it can be said that the gastric sleeve operation reduces the volume of food that the person eats, and also removes some of the stomach cells that produce the hormone responsible for controlling hunger. This in itself reduces the feeling of hunger afterwards. [4]
Transferring other members
Considered surgery conversion path of the pancreas and bile ducts and divert the course of the twelve and Acronym (BPD / DS), less common compared to other types of surgery , weight loss, as advised to have made in people who exceed the body mass index of 50 It can be said that this surgery is highly effective, but it has more risks, and it contributes to reducing the amount of food that the person eats, in addition to reducing the absorption of nutrients. Including proteins and fats. [5]
This surgery takes place in two main steps, as the first step is to perform the sleeve gastrectomy , and we talked about this surgery previously, and the second step is the intestinal bypass, which includes most of the intestine, and in this case it is the connection of the last part of the intestine with the duodenum that It is located near the stomach, and it should be noted that these two operations may be performed separately. The gastric sleeve is performed at the beginning and then the intestinal bypass is performed when the person begins to lose weight, but in most cases the two operations are performed together as one procedure. [5]
References
- ^ A b "Guide , To Types Of Weight-Loss Surgery" , Www.mayoclinic.org , Retrieved 1-10-2018. Edited.
- ↑ "Gastric Bypass Surgery" , www.webmd.com , Retrieved 1-10-2018. Edited.
- ^ A b "Medical Definition Of Gastric Banding" , Www.medicinenet.com , Retrieved 1-10-2018. Edited.
- ↑ "Sleeve Gastrectomy" , www.nbt.nhs.uk , Retrieved 1-10-2018 . Edited.
- ^ A b "Biliopancreatic Diversion With Duodenal a switch (BPD / the DS)" , Www.mayoclinic.org , Retrieved 1-10-2018. Edited.
