Contents
About blood
Blood is the red fluid that flows in the body and constitutes 8% of the human body weight, which is equivalent to four to six liters of blood. This essential fluid performs the critical functions of transporting oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, and getting rid of carbon dioxide, ammonia, waste and other products. In addition, it plays a vital role in our immune system and maintaining a relatively constant body temperature. Blood consists of four basic components of four thousand blood components, the most important of which are red blood cells, white cells, platelets and plasma.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Red blood cells are relatively large microscopic cells without nuclei, and they are similar to the primitive prokaryotic cells of bacteria. Red blood cells usually make up 40-50% of the total blood volume. The function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all living tissues of the body and to carry away carbon dioxide. Red blood cells are constantly produced in the bone marrow from stem cells at a rate of about 2-3 million cells per second. Hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting the protein molecule gas, makes up 95% of red cells. Each red cell has hemoglobin molecules that are rich in iron, and people who suffer from anemia generally have a deficiency of red blood cells and thus feel tired due to lack of oxygen. The red color of blood is primarily due to oxygen red blood cells.
White blood cells (leukocytes)
White blood cells are present in varying numbers and types, but a very small portion of the blood volume is usually only about 1% in healthy people. And white blood cells are not limited to blood only. It occurs in other parts of the body as well, most notably in the spleen, liver, and glands. Most of it is produced in the bone marrow from the same type of stem cells that make red blood cells. It is also produced in the thymus gland at the base of the neck. White blood cells (lymphocytes) are the first line of defense in the body’s immunity, as it works to identify and bind a protein foreign to bacteria, viruses and fungi so that it can be removed and then it arrives to encircle and destroy the foreign cells, and get rid of dead or dying blood cells, as well as materials Alien like dust and asbestos.
Platelets
They are the parts of cells without a nucleus that work with chemicals to coagulate the blood at the site of the wounds by adhering to the walls of the blood vessels, thus conducting the rupture in the vascular wall. Platelets are not equally effective in blood clotting throughout the entire day. The body's circadian rhythm (internal biological clock) causes peak platelet activity in the morning, and this is one of the main causes of strokes and heart attacks most common in the morning.
Plasma
Blood plasma, which is yellow water, is a transparent liquid that acts as a medium for transporting and carrying sugar, fats, protein and salt to body cells and carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The plasma also removes waste products from the metabolism, and the plasma also contains blood clotting factors, sugars, fats, vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and other proteins.
