the blood
Blood is a connective tissue consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets, and it is very necessary for living organisms, as there is no life without it, as blood constitutes eight percent of the body's mass, and if the mass of a particular person is sixty kilograms, then 4.8 of them Blood, which is approximately five liters, and blood has many functions, which we will talk about in this article, in addition to talking about red blood cells and white blood cells.
Blood functions
- Defense of the body: by producing antibodies that fight germs and get rid of attacking microbes, which cause many diseases.
- Water balance in the body: the blood maintains the water balance in the body, by transferring excess water from the gastrointestinal tract, or disposing of it through the skin in the form of sweat, or through the kidneys in the form of urine.
- Regulating body temperature: through sweating to moisturize the skin, or by increasing the burning of sugar in the blood in order to generate energy and raise the body temperature.
- Platelets blocking the bloodstream temporarily stop the bleeding , then release agents that help heal wounds.
- The delivery of materials: such as oxygen, fluids, food, hormones, and vitamins to all parts of the body, and then it returns with carbon dioxide and food waste after it turns into energy in the body along with some other substances that are excreted by cells.
Red blood cells
Red blood cells are discoid-shaped cells, concave-sided, characterized by a flexible cell membrane that allows them to pass through even the narrowest capillaries, and arise from the red marrow in large-sized bones, and are renewed every one hundred and twenty days, then break down in the liver, spleen, and then go to the juice Bile in order to participate in its components, and its red color is due to the presence of hemoglobin in it, and its function is to transport oxygen gas from the lungs, and replace it with carbon dioxide gas, and the kidneys control the building of red blood cells through a hormone called erythropoietin, whose secretion depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
White blood cells
White blood cells are cells that protect the body from diseases, and their number is less than red blood cells, where we find between every seven hundred and fourteen red balls one white ball, and they vary in sizes and shapes, and contain one nucleus, in addition to being larger than red blood cells, and it ranges from Their number ranges between 5000-10000 cells per cubic millimeter, and it is one of the most important methods of defending antigens in the body, and their number increases upon exposure to diseases, and white blood cells have five types, which are: acidic, neutral, basic, lymph, and only.
White blood cells are divided according to the appearance of the cytoplasm and the shape of the nucleus into two parts, namely:
- Agranulocytes: The appearance of the cytoplasm is granular, and it is large in size, as its nucleus is formed from several lobes, and differs in its acceptability of pigments, and contains neutral, acidic and basic.
- Non-granulocytes: the appearance of their cytoplasm is unpleasant, and their nuclei are not divided into lobes, and they contain lymph and monocytes.
