What is the treatment of rheumatism of the heart

Heart rheumatism treatment

Rheumatic heart disease is known as long-term (chronic) damage to the heart valves as a result of the heart having suffered one or more attacks of acute rheumatic fever , and acute rheumatic fever is a disease caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. ) , ^{[1] [2]} It is noteworthy that these bacteria usually do not cause damage to the heart valves, but leaving them untreated or not adequately treated causes this type of complication, knowing that it usually affects humans In the form of a sore throat or scarlet fever ^[3], and if it causes permanent damage to the heart valvesIt is known as cardiac rheumatism, and the valves are damaged either by narrowing or leaking over time. ^{[1] [2]}

Although rheumatic fever usually affects children between the ages of 5-15 years, infection may occur at any age, ^[4] and in general its treatment depends primarily on the extent of damage to the heart valves, as the doctor resorts to Usually to study a group of other factors that help to determine the appropriate treatment, and these factors are: ^{[3] [5]}

• Pathological history and general health of the injured.
• The extent of the disease.
• The victim's acceptance and the ability of his body to tolerate certain types of medications, procedures, or treatments.
• Future visualization of the course of the disease.
• Parents' opinion and preferences.

Prevention of rheumatic fever

It is also said that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure, and the same is the case with rheumatic fever. Where is the prevention best treatment can be provided to overcome them, ^[3] , by eliminating the bacteria Streptococcus group (a) remaining within the body, controlling inflammation, preventing his return, and control symptoms, can achieve these goals through the following treatments: ^{[ 6] [7]}

• Antibiotics: The doctor prescribes an antibiotic such as Penicillin to get rid of the remnants of streptococcus bacteria in the body, and after completing the treatment, the doctor prescribes another course of antibiotics to prevent the recurrence of rheumatic fever again, and the duration of preventive treatment At least five years, or until the affected child reaches 21 years of age, when the longest period is approved, and if rheumatic fever causes heart inflammation, the period of preventive antibiotic treatment may reach ten years, and preventive antibiotic treatment has benefits Great, and the most prominent of which are the following:
  • Reducing the mortality rate from rheumatic fever and reversal rheumatism.
  • To prevent further damage to the heart valves as a result of other episodes of rheumatic fever, and for this reason, full adherence to and compliance with antibiotic treatment. ^{[1] [8]}
• Analgesics and anti-inflammatories: such as aspirin , and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , short for NSAIDs, which reduce fever, pain and inflammation , and if the symptoms are severe or the child does not show response to previous medications Your doctor will likely prescribe corticosteroids. ^{[6] [7]}

Treating other related conditions

Besides infection and fever , rheumatism, and other health problems should be treated, notably it may appear as follows: ^[9]

• Heart Failure: needs people who suffer from deficiencies or heart muscle failure resulting from the incidence of rheumatic fever treatment to the proper protocol to them includes the following:
  • Digoxin.
  • Diuretic drugs, such as those of the Loop Diuretics group, such as the combination of furosemide and the thiazide diuretics , such as the combination of chlorothiazide that is used with diuretics Loop urine.
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, such as the formulation of Spironolactone, are diuretic, as they are prescribed in the event that more diuresis is required, especially for patients suffering from potassium deficiency.
  • Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI), which are used to improve heart production.
  • Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), which are used to increase heart production in patients who cannot use ACE inhibitors.
  • Other measures include getting more oxygen, adhering to bed rest, and adhering to sodium and fluid consumption controls, as the doctor suggests.
• Blood clot: and can be treated by obtaining a drug that thins the blood , or anticoagulant , ^{[10] [11]} and blood thinner can be defined as a drug that gives the blood the ability To flow smoothly through the veins and arteries, and to prevent blood clots from occurring or their increase in size, as for the anticoagulant, its function is to prevent blood cells from clumping together and sticking to each other. It prevents blood clotting, and examples of these drugs include the combination of warfarin, rivaroxaban, and heparin . ^[12]
• Heart rhythm disorder: to maintain the natural rhythm and rate of heart beat is the following use of medications: ^{[10] [13]}
  • Antiarrhythmic drugs, which are drugs used to obtain a normal heart rhythm within the heart sinuses or to prevent irregularities in these rhythms, such as amiodarone and propafenone .
  • Medicines that regulate heart rate, as follows: ^[14]
    • Beta blockers, which slow the heart rate and relax blood vessels, include atenolol, carvedilol, and metoprolol.
    • Calcium Channels Blockers (CCBs), such as the Diltiazem formula and Verapamil, are distinguished by their role in reducing the burden on the heart and relaxing blood vessels.
    • Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin, which improve cardiac output.

Surgical intervention

Surgery is a treatment option that can be resorted to in the event that valve damage, represented by its narrowing or blood leakage, is enough to cause heart fatigue, and surgery aims to replace the valve with an artificial one, or repair it using a balloon catheter to open it without surgical intervention in the event the valve is very narrow However, the last option is often not successful and surgery is resorted to, and heart transplantation may sometimes be one of the surgical treatment options . ^{[2] [15]}

Advice and advice for heart rheumatism patients

Cardiac rheumatism patients are advised to follow a set of tips that will preserve the health and integrity of the heart, most notably the following: ^{[16] [17]}

• Conducting periodic examinations and permanent follow-up with a specialist doctor such as a cardiologist or a pediatrician to monitor the heart's condition.
• Regular visits to the dental clinic to avoid cross-infection from the mouth to the heart and damage the valves.
• Get an annual flu vaccine and a pneumococcal vaccine .

References

1. ^ ^{A b T} "Rheumatic Heart View Disease" , Www.conditions.health.qld.gov.au , 4/09/2018 11:20:54 AM . , Retrieved 6/11/2020. Edited.
2. ^ ^{A b T} "Rheumatic Heart View Disease" , Www.seattlechildrens.org , Retrieved 6/11/2020. Edited.
3. ^ ^{A b T} "Rheumatic Heart View Disease" , Www.urmc.rochester.edu , Retrieved 6/11/2020. Edited.
4. ↑ "Rheumatic Heart Disease" , www.hopkinsmedicine.org , Retrieved November 6 , 2020. Edited.
5. ↑ "Rheumatic heart disease and rheumatic fever" , Www.childrenswi.org , Retrieved November 6 , 2020. Edited.
6. ^ ^{A b} "Rheumatic Fever" , Www.mayoclinic.org , Join Date : Oct. 10, 2019, Retrieved 11/6/2020. Edited.
7. ^ ^{A b} "Treatment For Disease Rheumatic Heart View " , Www.stanfordhealthcare.org , Retrieved 6/11/2020. Edited.
8. ↑ "Rheumatic Heart Disease" , www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org , Retrieved November 6 , 2020. Edited.
9. ↑ Thomas K Chin, MD (Dec 01, 2019), "Pediatric Rheumatic Heart Disease Treatment & Management" , Www.emedicine.medscape.com , Retrieved 11/6/2020. Edited.
10. ^ ^{A b} "Rheumatic heart 's DISEASE" , Www.healthdirect.gov.au , December 2018. Edited by .
11. ↑ "Your Guide to Preventing and Treating Blood Clots" , www.ahrq.gov , September 2012, Retrieved 11/6/2020. Edited.
12. ↑ Melinda Ratini, DO, MS (May 20, 2019), "Blood Thinner Basics" , www.webmd.com , Retrieved 11/6/2020. Edited.
13. ↑ "Common Medications for Arrhythmias" , Www.my.clevelandclinic.org , 01/29/2019 , Retrieved November 6, 2020. Edited.
14. ↑ “Rate Control Medication for Atrial Fibrillation” , www.stopafib.org , 03/07/2012, Retrieved November 6, 2020. Edited.
15. ↑ "COLUMBIA HEART SURGERY" , Www.columbiasurgery.org , Retrieved November 6 , 2020. Edited.
16. ↑ “Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease fact sheet: Information for patients and the community” , www.health.nsw.gov.au , 01 May 2018, Retrieved 11/11/2020. Edited.
17. ↑ "Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) & Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) - including symptoms, treatment and prevention" , www.sahealth.sa.gov.au , Retrieved 11/11/2020. Edited.